University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 Investigating the relationship between parental abuse and adolescent antisocial behaviors with the moderating role of effortful control 1 8 3672 10.22098/jfrs.2025.15847.1207 EN Mohammad Abbasi Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Reza Ghasemi Jobaneh Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Mohammadamin Musaie Phd student, Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Journal Article 2024 09 15 Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental abuse and adolescent antisocial behaviors, with the moderating role of effortful control behavior in students. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation type. The research population included the students of KhorramAbad city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 171 people were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included the Demare Parental Abuse Questionnaire (2000), Donnellan and Burt's Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (2009), and Ellis and Rothbart's Effortful Control Questionnaire (2001). Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of structural equations showed that there is a significant relationship between parental maltreatment and students' antisocial behavior. Also, effortful control has a moderating role in the relationship between parental abuse and antisocial behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that parental abuse significantly increases students' tendency toward antisocial behavior. Meanwhile, high effortful control can reduce the negative effects of this misbehavior, while low effortful control leads to the strengthening of these effects.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3672_7b7ad7b0cf8036be78f65e583f14d3d5.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 Examining the Phenomenology of Couples’ Reluctance to Childbearing 9 19 3671 10.22098/jfrs.2025.15618.1201 EN Mohadeseh Hadadzadeh Master of educational psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Mohsen Shakeri Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Mahdieh Estabraghi Ph. D. student of educational psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 11 Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating couples' perceptions of their reluctance to childbearing. Methods: The approach of the current research was qualitative and phenomenological. The research participants were 12 couples from Yazd, who were selected as a purposive sample. Interviews were conducted until the point of saturation was reached. The research tool used was a semi-structured interview, and the data analysis method employed was Smith's approach. To establish the validity of the data, the opinions of various qualitative researchers and research participants were sought. Results: Finally, couples' perceptions of their reluctance to have children were obtained, resulting in six main themes and sixteen sub-themes. In response to the question regarding the formation of the grounds for couples' reluctance to have children, the themes of changes and cultural and economic conditions were identified. The theme of replacing pets and friends was also obtained in response to the research, for example, replacements of couples for not having children. Conclusion: The findings of the investigation into couples' perceptions of their reluctance to have children revealed that it is influenced by the realities of life in the present era. To improve the situation of decreasing desire to have children, policymakers should apply solutions based on the facts of couples' perceptions.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3671_84cb2b918d648907a490552b90123d4b.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 The Effectiveness of Building a Lasting Connection (BLC) Premarital Program on Marital Engagement, Emotional Security, and Literacy of Couples during Marriage 20 30 3743 10.22098/jfrs.2025.16211.1215 EN Yeganeh Kasaeyan Naini Master Student, Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Shahrbanoo Aali Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Seyed Ali Kimiaei Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh Teimoorzadeh PhD Student ,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 18 Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Building a Lasting Connection Premarital Program on Marital Engagement, Emotional Security, and Literacy of couples during marriage. Methods: The method of this research is a pre-test-post-test semi-experimental with a control group, and the statistical population includes all married couples in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad who have been married for at least 6 months. From the research population, 24 couples were selected based on the available sampling method and then randomly assigned to groups. Participants in the experimental group received 5 2-hour training sessions on the sustainable link-building program, whereas participants in the control group received no training. The tools used included the Marital Participation Questionnaire, the Revised Emotional Security Questionnaire (ISQ-R), and the Iranian Family Psychological Functioning Scale (IFPFS). SPSS 26 statistical software, descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis. Results: According to the present study, the Building a Lasting Connection training program improved marital engagement, emotional security, and couples' literacy during marriage among participants in the experimental group compared with the control group. The effect sizes for the variables of marital engagement, emotional security, and couples' literacy were 0.759 (p<0.001), 0.835 (p<0.001), and 0.745 (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the premarital educational program, grounded in the model of building a lasting connection during the marriage period, can help improve couples' relationships on the eve of marriage.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3743_833a8bdf6c21daaa62c6cf0a08efc9ca.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 Effectiveness of parenting skills training on increasing sense of control and improvement of parenting skills in mothers of secondary high school female students 30 37 4352 10.22098/jhrs.2022.9678.1027 EN Parisa Moradikelardeh PhD in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mohammad Narimani Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Ali Mohammadi Lieh Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Amirmasoud Molavi Institute of international education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia Journal Article 2021 10 13 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parenting skills training on increasing mothers' control over the performance of children and improving parenting skills in mothers of secondary high school female students. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest for the dependent group, and its statistical population was all mothers of secondary high school students from Siyahkal city of Guilan province, among them 32 people were selected using an available and voluntary sampling method. Parenting skills training was held in 8 sessions of one hour, and the Alabama Parental Skills Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and Parental Locus of Control Questionnaire (Campis et al., 1986) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and a t-test for the dependent group. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of positive parenting, poor supervision, parental efficacy, and parental control in pre-test and post-test (P<0.01). Conclusion: It seems parenting skills training increases monitoring, self-efficacy, and improves maternal control over girls' performance, and it is necessary to use the results of this study in interventions and therapeutic programs for increasing parenting skills and improving parent-adolescent relationships.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_4352_0f32d71dc070bcefe7f8bebbaf2477c2.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 The Role of Maternal Variables in Predicting Maternal Gatekeeping Performance in Mothers of Iranian Children Aged 2 to 5 Years 38 46 3629 10.22098/jfrs.2025.15905.1208 EN Ali Reza Pezhman Ph.D. Student in Clinical Psychology,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 09 28 Objective: This study investigates maternal gatekeeping behaviors and their relationship with demographic and psychosocial factors among Iranian mothers with children aged 2-5 years. Despite the importance of maternal gatekeeping in child development, comprehensive research on maternal gatekeeping within the Iranian cultural context is lacking. This descriptive-correlational study aimed to identify the predominant type of maternal gatekeeping and examine its relationship with marital satisfaction, employment status, age, and education level. Methods: A sample of 386 mothers, recruited through social media platforms, completed the Maternal Gatekeeping Questionnaire (MGK-P) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Results revealed that the dominant type of maternal gatekeeping in Iran was "Traditional gate blockers." Marital satisfaction showed significant correlations with all gatekeeping dimensions: positive with encouragement (r=0.517, p<0.01) and negative with discouragement (r=-0.341, p<0.01) and control (r=-0.168, p<0.01). Maternal age correlated positively only with the discouragement dimension (r=0.114, p<0.05). Child gender significantly influenced the control dimension (p=0.007), with mothers exerting more control over sons. Employment status and education level showed no significant relationships with gatekeeping dimensions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that marital satisfaction is the strongest predictor of maternal gatekeeping behaviors in Iranian mothers. The prevalence of the "Traditional gate blocker" pattern highlights the influence of cultural factors and gender expectations on maternal roles in Iranian society. This study contributes to understanding maternal gatekeeping dynamics in Iran and informs the development of culturally sensitive family interventions.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3629_a63b904157566b185f7c2dce3fb9204a.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 Predicting internet addiction in teenagers according to the parenting styles, the family emotional atmosphere, and marital conflict between parents 47 55 3679 10.22098/jfrs.2025.15957.1209 EN Esmaeil Sadipour Professor, Departement of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Elmira Amani Postdoctoral Student of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 06 Objective: The aim of this study was to predict Internet addiction in teenagers based on parenting styles, family emotional atmosphere, and marital conflict of parents. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all second-year high school students in public high schools in the city of Ardabil during the academic year of 2021-2022. 375 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (2010), Parenting Styles Questionnaire (2002), Affective Family Atmosphere Questionnaire (2013), and Marital Conflict Scale (1986). Data analysis was done using SPSS- 25 software, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The results showed that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between Internet addiction, authoritative and autocratic parenting styles, and the emotional atmosphere of the family (P<0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between marital conflict, neglectful parenting style, and internet addiction (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that parenting styles, family emotional atmosphere, and marital conflict of parents play an important role in predicting teenagers' internet addiction. Therefore, it is recommended that psychologists and school counselors hold workshops with the aim of reducing and preventing internet addiction among teenagers.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3679_c1f634ffb15083401b55319646173000.pdf

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Family Relations Studies 2980-938X 6 1 2026 02 01 The pattern of Structural Relationships of Quality of Life based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle with the Mediation of Helplessness Tolerance in Mothers with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 55 62 3420 10.22098/jfrs.2024.15674.1202 EN Rabia Shabankare PhD student in psychology and education of exceptional children, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran Farah Naderi Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran Saeed Bakhtiarpour Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Parviz Asgari Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-8369-0881 Journal Article 2024 08 18 Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the pattern of structural relationships of quality of life based on a health-promoting lifestyle with the mediation of helplessness tolerance in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation-based on structural equations. The statistical population was all the mothers of children with autism in Bushehr who enrolled their children in exceptional schools and also had a case in the Bushehr Autism Association in 2023. From this community, a sample of 200 people was selected by available sampling method and completed the questionnaires on quality of life, health-promoting lifestyle, and tolerance of helplessness. SPSS25 and SmartPLS3 were used to analyze the collected data. Results: The results of the structural equations showed that the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.005; β=0.24) has a direct and positive effect on the quality of life and a direct and positive effect on tolerance of helplessness (p<0.005; β=0). Also, the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.005; β=0.18) has a significant effect on the quality of life through the mediation of helplessness tolerance (P=0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study can provide evidence for the development of appropriate intervention programs to increase the quality of life among mothers of children with autism through specific health-promoting behaviors.

https://jhrs.uma.ac.ir/article_3420_704be35f147065f50fbf1e7c140170ca.pdf