The Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Psychological Disturbances, Psychological Capitals and Problem-Solving Styles of Female Prisoners

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MSc. student of General Psychology at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ACT training on mental disturbances, psychological capital, and problem-solving styles in female prisoners of Urmia City in 2022.
Methods:  A semi-experimental design was used for the pre-test-post-test and follow-up (two months) with a control group. 40 participants were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. The experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Anxiety, stress, and depression questionnaires DASS-21, Loutans et al.'s psychological capitals (PCQ-24), and Cassidy and Long's problem-solving styles (PSS-24) were filled in three time stages. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of variance analysis with repeated measures.
Results: The effectiveness of training (ACT) was stable on all three dependent variables. (p<0.01)  There was a significant difference between the research groups in the mean scores of psychological disturbance, psychological capital, and problem-solving styles at the stage (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). There was a significant difference between the research groups in all three dependent variables. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, current research considers it possible to treat these people with ACT training in the prison environment.

Keywords

References

Ayn beygi, A., Suleimanian, A. A. & Jajarmi, M. (2020). Discussing the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and existential therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. Psychology of Ageing, 6(2), 165-178.   Doi:10.22126/jap.2020.5484.1440
Ahmed, O., Faisal, R. A., Alim, S. M. A. H. M., Sharker, T., & Hiramoni, F. A. (2022). The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) Bangla version. Acta psychologica, 223, 103509.  Doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103509
Almarzooqi, S., Chilcot, J., McCracken, L. M. (2017). The role of psychological flexibility in migraine, headache impact, and depression. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(2), 239–243. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.04.004
Amiri, S, Ehtesham Zadeh P, Hafezi F. & Borna M R. (2021). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Treatment Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Executive Functions of Learning the Rules, Inhibiting Impulsivity, and Flexibility in Patients with Depression. Shefaye Khatam; 9 (2):68-78. Doi:10.52547/shefa.9.2.68
Bahattab, M., AlHadi, A.N. (2021).  Acceptance and commitment group therapy among Saudi Muslim females with mental health disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. (19):   86-91.       Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.005
Bagheri, P, Saadati N, Fatollahzadeh, N. & Darbani, S. (2017). The Effectiveness of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Self-Efficacy and Social Adjustment of Elderly Retirees. Journal title: 3 (2):103-117.  Doi:10.21859/jgn.3.2.103 
 Baradaran, M., Zare, H., Alipour, A., & Farzad,, V. (2016). Comparison of Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Motivational Interviewing on Decreasing Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Increasing Hope in Essential Hypertensive Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(4), 95-105. Doi:10.22075/jcp.2017.2257
Basereh, S., Ghamari, M., Alijani, F., & Jafari, A. (2024). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy on Self-Compassion, Quality of Life and Marital Commitment of Women Who Filed for Divorce. Journal of Family Relations Studies, 4(13), 4-12. Doi:10.22098/jhrs.2022.11821.1085
Behnouieh, B., Hossein Khanzadeh, A. A., & Shakrinia, I. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Capital of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Family Relations Studies, 2(6), 32-37. Doi:10.22098/jhrs.2022.11335.1064
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological wellbeing. Journal of personality and social psychology; 84(4), 822. Doi: buy/2003-02410-012
Cassidy, T., & Long, C. (1996). Problem–solving style, stress and psychological illness: development of a multifactorial measure. British journal of clinical psychology, 35(2). 265–277. Doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01181.x
Cassidy, T., & Burnside, E. (1996). Cognitive appraisal, vulnerability and coping: An integrative analysis of appraisal and coping mechanisms. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 9(3), 261–279. Doi:10.1080/09515079608258707
Clarke S, Kingston J, James K, Bolderston H. & Remington B. (2014). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group for treatment-resistant participants: A randomised controlled study. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.005. 3(3):179–88.  Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.005
Culbertson, S. S., Fullagar, C. J., & Mills, M. J. (2010). Feeling good and doing great: The relationship between psychological capital and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 421–433. Doi:10.1037/a0020720
Curran, D. J. and Renzetti, Claire. M. (2001). Theories of Crime, Boston: Allyn and Bacon. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_book/20
Denckla. C. A., Consedine, N. S., Chung, W. J., Stein, M., Roche, M., Blais, M. (2018). A double-edged …sword? Sub-types of psychological flexibility are associated with distinct psychiatric disorders. …Journal of Research in Personality, 77, 119–125. Doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.004
Fang, S. & Ding, D. (2020). The efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital and school engagement: A pilot study among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16(1), 134–143. Doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.005
Farhadi, Sajjad; and Gholam Nazari, Hajar (2021). Predicting the psychological burden of the coronavirus in family women during quarantine: the role of problem-solving styles and psychological capital. Applied Family Therapy Quarterly, 2(1 series 5): 64-46. Doi:10.22034/aftj.2021.268832.1053
Gallagher, M. W. (Ed.). (2018). Introduction to the science of hope. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of hope (p. 3–7). Oxford University Press. Doi: record/2017-55500-001
Haiderpur, P; Ghorbani, P. (2022). The relationship between perceived stress and dysfunctional attitudes with the mental health of women working in the medical sciences of Kermanshah, Journal of New Developments in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education. 5(49), 56-45. https://www.jonapte.ir/fa/showart-50231ba5440da9d67f5f9b18aed7d1da
Harris, R. (2021). The slap of reality (translated by Ali Sahibi and Mehdi Eskandari). Tehran: Sayeh Sokhan Publications. (2012).
Hayes, S. C., & Lillis, J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.  Doi:10.1177%2F0011000012460836  
Hayes, S. C. (2005). Get out of your mind and into your life: The new acceptance and commitment therapy. New Harbinger Publications. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Get
Hayes, SC, Strosahl, KD. & Wilson, KG. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.  https://contextualscience.org/publications/hayes_strosahl_wilson_1999
Hayes, S.c; streusal,k.D; Wilson, K.G. (2021). Acceptance and commitment. Herrera, V. M., & Stuewig, J. (2017). Gender Differences in Pathways to Delinquency: The Impact of Family Relationships and Adolescent Depression. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 3(2), 221-240    
Herrera, V. M., & Stuewig, J. (2017). Gender Differences in Pathways to Delinquency: The Impact of Family Relationships and Adolescent Depression. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 3(2), 221-240. Doi:10.1007/s40865-016-0052-3
Jennings, W. G., Maldonado-Molina, M., Fenimore, D. M., Piquero, A. R., Bird, H., & Canino, G. (2019). The linkage between mental health, delinquency, and trajectories of delinquency: Results from the Boricua Youth Study. Journal of Criminal Justice, 62, 66–73.  Doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.08.003
Kajeepeta, S.; Rutherford, Caroline G.; Keyes, Katherine M.; El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M.; Prins, Seth J. (2020). County Jail Incarceration Rates and County Mortality Rates in the United States, 1987–2016. American Journal of Public Health, 110(S1), S109–S115. Doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305413
Kalia, V., Fuesting, M. & Cody, M. (2019). Perseverance in solving Sudoku: role of grit and cognitive flexibility in problem solving. J Cogn Psychol, 31(3): 370–8.  Doi:10.1080/20445911.2019.1604527
Kendall, P. C., Hollon, S. D., Beck, A. T., Hammen, C. L. & Ingram, R. E. (1987). Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 11(3), 289–299. Doi:10.1007/BF01186280
Llera, S. J., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Worry impairs the problem-solving process: Results from an experimental study. Behaviour research and therapy, 135, 103759.  Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103759
Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J., & Norman, S. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. Doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339–366. Doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324
Marmarchinia, M., & Zoghi Paidar, M. R. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on hope and happiness of female adolescents under welfare protection. Applied Psychology, 11(3), 157–174.   Dor:20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.3.1.2
Mirkhalili, S. M., & Heidari, M. (2020). Analyzing and Assessing the Relation between Social Capital and Delinquency (Case Study: Isfahan City Students). Social Capital Management, 7(2), 215–230.  Doi:10.22059/jscm.2020.279243.1827
Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Sackett, C. F., & Twohig, M. P. (2004). Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(4), 477-485. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.10.008
Neff, K D, Kirkpatrick, K, & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41: 139-154. Doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004
Nurbala Tafti, Ahmad Ali; Thaghafi, Fatemeh. (2018). Clinical Psychology. Tehran: Modaresan Sharif Publishing House. https://acaravan.ir/shop/Science-ministry-book/P1094-clinical-psychology.html
Okati M, Shirazi M, & Sanagouye Moharar, G. (2020). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Stress, Depression, and Test Anxiety in Students with Thalassemia. MEJDS; 10:97 97. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222840.1399.10.0.138.7
Pamplin, J. R., Kelsall, N. C., Keyes, K. M., Bates, L. M., & Prins, S. J. (2023). Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States. Current opinion in psychiatry, 36(3), 219–236..  Doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000857
Roushanpour, M., mohseni, R., & aghajani, H. (2020). A Sociological Explanation of the Causes of Social Exclusion of Female Prisoners and Its Effect on the Return to Imprisonment Cycle (Case Study of Prisons in Lorestan Province). Women Studies, 11(34), 1–35. Doi:10.30465/ws.2021.22048.2462
Rowshani, S., Tafte, M., Khosravi, Z., & Khademi, F. (2020). Effective Conditions on Female-headed Households’ Life in Iran and Solutions to Reduce Injuries. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 9(3), 693–717. Doi:10.22059/jisr.2020.272848.799
Sahibi, A., Asghari, M. J. & Salari, R. S. (2005). Validation of depression, anxiety and stress scale of DASS-21 test for Iranian population, Journal of Evolutionary Psychology (Iranian Psychologists), 1(4), 299-312. https://journals.iau.ir/article_512443.html?lang=en
SaeidiA, Jabalameli S, Gorji Y, (2021). Ebrahimi A. Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Self-care and Psychological Capital of Patients with Diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs; 9 (3):1633–1647. http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-444-en.html
Scent, CL. & Boes, S. R. (2014). Acceptance and commitment training: A brief intervention to reduce procrastination among college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy. 28(2):144-56.  Doi:10.1080/87568225.2014.883887  
Secretariat of the Ministerial Working Group on Ethics in Research, Vice President of Research and Technology of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. (2022). Collection of laws, guidelines and ethical guidelines in biomedical research in Iran )pp233&769). Tehran: Jihad University, Publishing Organization
Sheikh Zeineddin, H., Farrokhi, N., & Abbaspoor Azar, Z. (2019). Mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between personality features with marital adjustment in students. Applied Psychology, 12(3), 439–462. Dor:20.1001.1.20084331.1397.12.3.7.5
Strauss AY, Kivity Y, Huppert JD. (2019). Emotion regulation strategies in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder. Behav Ther. 50(3): 659-671. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.10.005
Swan, A. J., Kendall, P. C., Olino, T., Ginsburg, G., Keeton, C., Compton, S., ...& Albano, A. M. (2018). Results from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Longitudinal Study (CAMELS): Functional outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 738–750. Doi:10.1037/ccp0000334
Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2017). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Anxiety and Depression: A Review. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 40(4), 751–770. Doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.009
Vaezi, S, Akbarnataj Bisheh K, Kazem Fakhri M. Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion regulation, psychological capital and coping strategies of students. Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2021; 22 (4):46–55.  Doi:10.30514/icss.22.4.46
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Hofer, P., & Gloster, A. T. (2018). The link between stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility during an acceptance and commitment therapy self-help intervention. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 60–68.  Doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.09.002
Wynne, B., McHugh, L., Gao, W., Keegan, D., Byrne, K., Rowan, C., Hartery, K., Kirschbaum, C., Doherty, G., Cullen, G., Dooley, B., & Mulcahy, H. E. (2019). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Reduces Psychological Stress in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology, 156(4), 935–945.e1 Doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.030
Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The Effects of Social Support on Sleep Quality of Medical Staff Treating Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549. Doi: 10.12659/MSM.923549
Yarovisi, F., Mihan Dost, Z. & Mami, S. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Education on Psychological Components (Stress, Anxiety, Depression) and Problem Solving Styles in First Secondary School Students in Sanandaj. Educ Strategy Med Sci; 14 (1):12-22.  http://edcbmj.ir/article-1-1914-en.html
Yazdani, N., Khoracian, A. & RahimNia, F. (2016). Investigating the impact of psychological capital on the dimensions of deviant behavior in the workplace, the third international conference on management, accounting and knowledge-based economics with an emphasis on resistance economy, Tehran: https://civilica.com/doc/693699
Zager, M. A. (2018). Gender and crime. In The generality of deviance (pp. 71–80). Routledge.   https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351294447-4/gender-crime-mary-ann-zager

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 March 2024
  • Revise Date: 27 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 30 August 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics